This research explores the multi-faceted challenges and opportunities of achieving climate and energy justice in Southeast Asia, particularly in ASEAN. By examining three distinct yet interrelated studies, it provides a comprehensive account of energy access development that intertwines regional electrification strategies, localised energy solutions in the Philippines, and an in-depth analysis of just transitions in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The research presented here delves into the complex dynamics of electrification efforts, showcasing the role of diverse stakeholders, the importance of contextually grounded business models, and the implications of socio-political factors on climate justice, energy justice, energy access and sustainability. Emphasis here is on the need for an integrative approach to energy policy that considers not only technological innovation but also the social, economic, and cultural dimen-sions of sustainable development. The findings presented herein offer significant insights into the pursuit of equitable and sustainable energy access in Southeast Asia, highlighting the region’s unique challenges and opportunities in the global context of climate change and sustainable development.

Access to reliable and affordable electricity remains a cornerstone of sustainable development and renewable energy in the ASEAN region. While all member states strive for universal electrification, progress varies significantly, influenced by diverse national landscapes and approaches. This research sheds light on rural electrification efforts through the lens of ASEAN Energy Awards, uncovering stakeholder roles, quantifying impacts, and promoting cross-learning among member states. Through analysis of project submissions and winners from 2010 to 2023 (N = 62), the study delves into three key areas. First, there has been a shift beyond traditional government-led initiatives. While state-owned enterprises, government agencies, and international development agencies remain active, the emergence of universities, private enterprises, non-profit organisations, and even communities themselves signals the growing importance of bottom-up approaches. The analysis delves into the prevalence of technologies like solar PV (photovoltaics) and micro-hydropower, revealing trends in installed capacity and cost-effectiveness (the dominance of projects below US$100,000). The study identifies consistent rural electrification efforts across countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand, which recorded the most project submissions. Findings reveal a dynamic landscape of rural electrification efforts in ASEAN. The rising presence of non-state actors and community-driven initiatives presents opportunities for increased private sector contributions and bottom-up solutions.